Mission: Hydrographic Survey Geographic Area of Cruise: Lake Erie and Lake Ontario Date: Friday, June 19, 2026
Weather Data from the Bridge Latitude: 42º54.5’N Longitude: 079º14.6’W Sky Conditions: Sunny Visibility: 10+ miles Wind Speed: 10 Knots Wind Direction: W Dry Bulb: 15.5º C Wet Bulb: 17º C
Science and Technology Log
All Lines Away In High Winds
Before the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson ever left the Port of Cleveland, the energy on the bridge already reflected that this would not be a routine departure. The navigation team met to review weather forecasts, vessel traffic in the harbor, and the tight physical space of the slip. They walked through the voyage plan for the upcoming transit of the Welland Canal.
The forecast added a layer of challenge: waves building up to 11 feet offshore and wind gusts reaching 40 knots. Even while still tied to the dock, the ship would feel the effects of those winds pushing against the hull. The crew specifically discussed which lines would need to remain in place to best counteract strong winds pushing on the port side. It was a reminder that even leaving the dock is a maneuver that demands planning, not just movement.
After a short rain shower and a two-hour delay, line handlers moved into position along the pier, and the deck team coordinated each step of letting go. The goal was simple in theory but complex in execution. The bridge crew had to free the ship without allowing the stern to swing toward a barge positioned on the starboard side of the ship.
NOAA Corps officers carefully navigate NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson away from the dock at the Port of Cleveland
Every action had timing behind it. Lines were released in a deliberate order, engines were brought in carefully, and the rudder responded in small corrections. At the same time, the bridge team monitored traffic on the Cuyahoga River and ensured communication was successful even though it was made difficult in the wind. Amid all of this, Junior Officer James Hutzenbiler had control of the commands, gaining valuable experience managing a complex departure in high winds and restricted maneuvering space. The situation provided a practical test of shiphandling skills under pressure, reinforcing both decision-making and situational awareness in real-world conditions.
What stood out most was not just the difficulty of the conditions, but how smoothly the crew worked through them. Each person understood their role, anticipated the next step, and supported the overall movement of the ship. It was less about individual actions and more about a shared rhythm.
A Stairway between the Great Lakes
The Welland Canal is one of North America’s most impressive feats of marine engineering, linking Lake Ontario and Lake Erie and allowing ships to bypass the powerful and steep Niagara Falls.
The idea of a canal connecting the lakes dates back to the early 19th century, when growing trade made the Niagara Escarpment a major obstacle. The first version of the canal was completed in 1829, but it was narrow, shallow, and quickly outdated as ships grew larger. Over time, the canal was rebuilt and expanded through multiple iterations, with the modern fourth version completed in 1932. Each upgrade reflected advances in engineering and the increasing demands of industrial shipping. Below is an image of the different canal routes over time. The first canal had 40 locks and the current one is down to 8, taking about 9 hours for the Thomas Jefferson to complete.
Image capture from marinetraffic.com of the Thomas Jefferson transiting the Welland Canal.
Transiting the canal is a unique experience for any vessel. Rather than open-water navigation, ships move carefully through a series of eight locks that raise or lower them approximately 326 feet between the two lakes. Each lock demands precision, coordination, and patience. Crews adjust positions and engines in short, controlled bursts to keep the vessel centered as water levels change.
MoorMaster Automated Vacuum Mooring System
Large cargo ships can use MoorMaster automated vacuum mooring systems to hold the ships in place while in the locks.
However, the Thomas Jefferson has too many port holes for the vacuum to attach. This means the crew is constantly on the bridge adjusting controls to keep the ship off the concrete side walls. It takes an extreme amount of teamwork and concentration. The CO (Commanding Officer) and XO (Executive Officer) found that “crabbing” the ship in at an angle instead of straight in allows for better control.
Entering vs. leaving Welland Canal lock 7
What stands out most during a transit is the teamwork involved. Every movement onboard is deliberate and communicated clearly. Deckhands, officers, and pilots work in close coordination. Even in tight quarters and changing water levels, there is a steady rhythm to the operation. It is a reminder that successful navigation is not only about technology or infrastructure, but also about people working together with trust and professionalism.
NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson entering a lock on the Welland Canal. (Credit: NOAA)
One of the most impressive aspects of the transit was watching the Junior Officers and Operations Officers navigate the entire 12-hour journey through the Welland Canal with only the supervision of the CO and XO.
Personal Log
The Quiet Influence of Great Leaders
One of the most impressive aspects of my time aboard the ship has not been the technology, the navigation, or even the massive engineering feats we encounter. It has been the culture of learning.
NOAA Corps officers watch from the flying bridge of NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson
From the moment I stepped aboard, I noticed that the ship operates much like a highly effective classroom. Every day presents opportunities to learn, practice, make mistakes, and improve. What makes this environment so successful is the leadership demonstrated by Commanding Officer Kidd and Executive Officer Duffy. They have fostered a culture where learning is woven into every aspect of daily operations.
After every drill, change of conn, and operational briefing, etc. the leadership team takes time to reflect. Rather than immediately telling crew members what they did right or wrong, they observe, listen, and encourage discussion. Team members are asked to evaluate their own performance, identify challenges, and suggest improvements. This process transforms every event into a learning opportunity.
NOAA Corps officers on the bridge of NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson
One example came after Junior Officer James Hutzenbiler successfully guided the ship out of the Port of Cleveland in challenging wind conditions. Once the maneuver was complete, Operations Officer Jessie Spruill gathered the bridge team and asked a simple question: “How do you think that went?” Rather than providing answers, she encouraged the team to analyze their own decisions. The officers discussed what worked well, what could have gone smoother, and what they might do differently next time.
OPS Jessie Spruill then added her own observations and expertise, helping connect their experiences to larger operational concepts. Finally, the XO built upon the discussion, adding further insights and training points that everyone could apply in future situations.
As a teacher, the entire exchange felt remarkably familiar. These are the same instructional strategies educators strive to use in the classroom: reflection, self-assessment, guided discussion, and constructive feedback. The difference is that instead of discussing a math problem or science experiment, the crew was analyzing real-time decisions that affected the safe movement of a ship.
Boarded and Underway
NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson in Port of Cleveland
I would be lying if I said I wasn’t nervous about living on a ship for two weeks. Fortunately, those worries began to fade almost as soon as I stepped aboard.
Junior Officer Bridget Ruiz
One of the biggest reasons was the people. Everyone has been incredibly welcoming and willing to answer questions, offer advice, and help me navigate life at sea. From the very beginning, the crew made me feel less like a visitor and more like part of the team.
I was especially fortunate to be paired with Junior Officer Bridget Ruiz as my roommate. She had just started her leg aboard the ship as well, which meant we were both experiencing many of the same first-day questions and uncertainties. Having someone to attend orientation with, explore the ship alongside, and compare notes made the transition much easier.
The living quarters were also a pleasant surprise. Before arriving, I imagined a small, cramped room with barely enough space to move around. Instead, our stateroom is surprisingly comfortable, complete with dressers, desks, a sink, a mini refrigerator, and closets for storage.
Stateroom
Of course, shipboard life comes with a few unique experiences. Once the waves started rolling, so did the contents of various tanks throughout the vessel, creating an aroma that can only be described as “memorable.”
Despite the occasional smell and the constant motion beneath my feet, I am quickly settling into the rhythm of shipboard life. Between the incredible views, delicious meals, comfortable accommodations, and supportive crew, I can easily see how people come to love this lifestyle. After only a short time aboard, the ship is already beginning to feel like home.
Did You Know?
The tallest wave recorded on Lake Erie was a 22-foot seiche in 1844, and it killed 78 people.
Mission: Oceanographic and Biological Monitoring of Davidson Seamount
Geographic Area: Davidson Seamount/Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
Date: July 22, 2025
Weather Data from the Bridge
Latitude: 35° 45.51’ N
Longitude: 122° 36.14’ W
Wind Speed: 18 knots
Wave Height: 3’
Air Temperature: 15.6°C/60°F
Sky: Overcast
Science and Technology Log:
We have now finished our planned transects and are using our two additional days at sea to repeat two of the transect lines. This will allow us to see changes along the lines with observations 5 days apart. Our deep drops for eDNA (the genetic material shed by organisms in the water) will be at 2400m.
I have had a chance to help with the collection of samples of eDNA. The process begins right after the CTD rosette is lifted to the deck. Water is collected from the specific Niskin bottle that was filled at the various depths- either surface (0 m.), 500 m., 1000 m. or 2400 m. Next, the water samples are taken to the wet lab, where under laboratory conditions, they are filtered to collect eDNA which is then stored for future processing by MBARI.
I loved having a chance to participate in collecting the sample. Working with the equipment reminded me a lot of the joy I had in my college chemistry classes and it felt amazing to be making a contribution to science that will help understand this very special environment of Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.
Collecting water for eDNA sampling from the CTD rosetteCompleted water collectionSetting up filtration with Chad KingAttaching filter to collect eDNAPreserving eDNAeDNA ready for testing by MBARI
I have also been learning more about the ocean by looking at the CTD (water conductivity (salinity), temperature, and depth) profiles with the Reuben Lasker survey technicians, CC and Jaclyn. The survey technicians observe and record the data as the rosette descends. They also monitor how deep the rosette descends based on what they see on the sonar data, which is showing the overall distance to seamount. At the targeted depths and with a press of a mouse button, they close the Niskin bottle caps to capture water for eDNA sampling.
CTD Data Monitoring
The data screens in the lab show how oxygen, temperature, salinity and chlorophyll change as we descend. At the surface the water temperature is 15°C (59°F) while at 1000m it is 3.5°C (38.3°F) and at 2400m it is 1.9°C (35.4 °F). Salinity at the surface is 33.25ppt, at 1000m it is 34.4ppt and at 2400m it is 34.65 ppt. Oxygen is 0.6 ml/L at the surface and is at its lowest 0.2 ml/L between 600 – 800m. The oxygen rises again as you go deeper than 800m and at 2400 it’s more than 2.0 ml/L. Chlorophyll is at its maximum at 43 m and is an indicator of the amount of phytoplankton in the upper layer of the ocean. Phytoplankton (microscopic algae) is the base of most food webs in the ocean. Thus, this data helps us better understand the ecosystem of the deep ocean.
Our seabird and marine mammal counts are going well, though we had the slowest day on Monday with only 47 animal sightings (11 mammals and 36 birds). Yet, all together for the week (with the 994 sightings shared in the last post), we had a total of 1,041 animal sightings for the 500 miles of survey.
As we repeated the survey line (16W) today (Tuesday), we had an exciting sighting of a pod of seven orcas! I have never seen orcas in California. I’ve also become far more skilled at sighting whale blows on the horizon and spotting sharks from the two black triangles peeking out of the water as they glide by. The various types of seabirds – like Leach’s Storm Petrels and Red-necked Phalaropes- are now second nature to me. Some of the most exciting moments have been finding the waving flippers of Guadalupe fur seals as they drift by clinging to a branch of kelp.
So far, I have probably put in 50 hours of observation time and I have been delighted in every moment of it. It is a bit like an easter egg hunt in the ocean. I have learned so much thanks to the support of the scientists who always think of me when any special sighting arises. Everyone makes the extra effort to make sure I have a chance to see it too.
Fin Whale Sighting! Photo Credit: Jim Tietz
Personal Log
I have been savoring the days at sea and the ever changing colors of the ocean from the deepest blue to silvery greys. I spend most of my days outdoors on the flying bridge perfecting my observation skills. Our shifts are complemented with delicious meals, after dinner card games and evenings in the gym. Life couldn’t be better and it is a real privilege to be part of this experience. Beside participating in science, I have been very busy interviewing people to better understand how everyone works together to make the mission successful. I’d like to share the stories of some of the people I have met.
NOAA Corps and the Crew: The Team at Sea that Makes Science Possible
Besides the 11 of us on the science team, we have the team that runs the ship composed of seven NOAA Corps officers and 18 crew. The crew includes survey technicians, electronics technicians, engineers, deckhands and stewards. NOAA Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. They are commissioned officers who support NOAA’s scientific and navigational missions by operating NOAA ships and aircraft. The Commanding Officer of the Lasker, CDR Aaron Maggied, shared that some NOAA Corps officers fly planes as hurricane hunters to collect data for forecasting hurricanes. Others, like himself, sail ships to make sure our ocean and its inhabitants are studied so that we can better understand and responsibly manage our natural resources, like our current sanctuary project. He also mentioned that early in his career he was called on to help in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response effort in 2010. The officers have all been very supportive of having a teacher on board and readily answer any questions about their work.
NOAA CorpsWomen of NOAA Corps
Lt Cdr. Kelli-Ann Bliss Interview
LCDR Kelli-Ann Bliss
Kell was the first officer I met on the ship. She welcomed me at the entrance to Coast Guard Island in Alameda and escorted me to the ship, kindly carrying my heavy duffle on her shoulders.
What is your job?
On Reuben Lasker, I am the XO, which stands for Executive Officer, and second in command. I have a background in science, like all NOAA Corps officers, and I support the scientists on the ship during sea assignments, and in different capacities when on land assignments. I work on the bridge and sail the ship safely to help the scientists get the data they need. This work is important because we need to understand how our planet works so we can survive as a species. I also mentor the Junior Officers (JOOD) as they work toward being Officers of the Deck (OOD). I also manage the crew details (payroll, vacation, staffing, approving purchasing, etc.) like an administrative assistant.
How did you come to NOAA?
I grew up in Rhode Island and spent summers sailing with my family all over New England. I went to Maine Maritime Academy and earned a degree in marine science. I worked in a lab on Cape Cod doing water testing after college. My college classmates encouraged me to apply for NOAA.
I have been in the NOAA Corps for 16 years and have been on 8 different NOAA ships. I have also served on various land assignments — including in Antarctica for 13 months. In Antarctica, I was half of a team with a NOAA technician. We were running experiments and collecting samples on behalf of scientists in their home locations. While staying over the winter, I enjoyed the gorgeous auroras (natural light displays in the sky) and the flat, snowy landscape of Antarctica. Currently I am stationed in Louisiana and awaiting the completion of the newest NOAA ship to the fleet, the NOAA Ship Oceanographer, where I will also serve as XO. My tasks will be much the same as here on Reuben Lasker, but additionally, I will hire the new crew and be part of the team that gets her ready for scientific missions.
What do you love about your job?
I love being at sea. You are in a new place every day and it is gorgeous. There is always something new to learn either through presentations, different weather conditions, or a new tool or technology on the ship.
What is your greatest challenge?
As you go up in the ranks, there is a lot of paperwork, which tends to mean a lot of sitting – but there’s always the ability to go up and stand a watch on the bridge to break it up. I also work to keep harmony and help to set a positive culture with the team which starts at the top.
When did you know you wanted to have an ocean focused career?
In middle school in Coventry, Rhode Island, I joined the shell club and learned all about shells and their history. For example, the ancient Romans boiled the murex shell and infused the purple color into fabric. Once a month, the club would travel to Boston and connect with the Malacological Club at Harvard and I would be exposed to even more people who were passionate about shells. I knew that I wanted to study science. For college, my family wanted me close by so I chose Maine Maritime Academy, this allowed me to merge my interests in science and being on the water.
What do you recommend to students who are interested in an ocean focused career?
Stay curious and ask questions. There are many ways to get into the field and people will share their knowledge. Always keep learning.
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Interview of JOOD Camille Cube (Junior Officer of the Deck)
I met Camille Cube on my first visit to the bridge. I was so impressed by the calm and confident way she was steering the ship. In conversation, we were happy to discover that we both had Filipino roots. Camille kindly agreed to be interviewed.
ENS Camille Cube
What is your job/position?
I am the newest officer. My rank is Ensign and my position is called JOOD (Junior Officer of the Deck). I am learning to safely drive the ship and ensure everyone’s safety onboard. To steer the ship, I use navigational charts, radar, look out the windows, and other tools.
How did you come to NOAA?
I grew up in Northern Virginia. Then, I went to the University of Washington and majored in Environmental Science. I love the environment of both land and sea. During college, I did many internships. Two were with NOAA Fisheries. I also studied at Friday Harbor Labs on San Juan Island; in this 11 week residential program, I learned marine biology, went tidepooling and saw orcas. I also spent three months as an intern in Cambridge, England with the International Whaling Commission. After graduating from college, I worked for NOAA Fisheries in Sacramento (CA) as a natural resource and management specialist. I joined the NOAA Corps for a more hands-on experience. I love how the NOAA Corps changes jobs every few years. I will be on Reuben Lasker for two years; three months have passed so far.
How does the NOAA Corps work?
To apply, you fill out an application online, go to an interview and pass medical processing. If you are chosen, you begin three months of training at the US Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, alongside US Coast Guard officer candidates. This training has hands-on learning about navigation, the parts of a ship, safety, CPR, and fire fighting alongside classroom learning. I learned leadership and public speaking skills in my training and the experience has built my self-confidence. You begin your service as a junior officer and after 120 days of sailing, completing a workbook and proving that you can safely drive the ship, you become OOD (Officer of the Deck) qualified, which means you can drive the ship without supervision.
What is your work day like?
My watch, which is when I am driving the ship, begins at 11:15 p.m. and goes to 3:30 a.m. From 3:30 to 7:00 a.m., I do administrative work and eat breakfast. Sometimes, I exercise in the ship’s gym; our requirement is to work out 180 minutes a week. My second watch is from 7:15 to 11:30 a.m. After that, I am off duty, and I read, sleep or crochet. Right now I am making a purse that looks like a sheep.
What do you love about your job?
I love helping make science happen. NOAA’s work in science is really important. Often we work on research on fish populations and fish are very important for the economy and ecosystem. Collecting weather data is also important for weather forecasters. I love being able to do cool things on the ocean that I was never able to do in the office like steer the ship and see lots of wildlife. I also love the community in NOAA; we support each other, especially the other officers and the crew because we live and work so close together. A shout out to the stewards (ship’s cooks) for making Filipino food that reminds me of my family.
What is your greatest challenge?
Being away from home for long periods of time is a challenge. I live in San Diego now. Even though my husband visits me when we are in port, I have only been able to see my cat Mio once this year.
What was your favorite book in elementary school?
I was obsessed with Percy Jackson and wanted to be a demigod of Poseidon. I wished for water powers!
What do you recommend to students who are interested in an ocean focused career?
If you are near the ocean, get out and explore it in a hands-on way like tidepooling. If you are not near the ocean, watch documentaries and keep learning about the ocean. If you can, join a marine biology club.
I am excited to share information about career opportunities with NOAA with my students and family. I had never heard of this service before and now after experiencing the work of the NOAA Corps, I believe it is a wonderful opportunity. I also learned about another new to me career-the careers of wage mariners. It takes many essential skilled workers to sail these ships that make science happen.
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Interview of Nick Sampson (Oiler)
I had a chance to interview Nick Sampson. He is a mariner and specifically works as an Oiler. We met in the mess hall (dining room) as he is outgoing and very curious about all the science we are doing on our mission. He also kindly took us on a tour of the engine room with fellow mariner Joe Johnston.
Oiler Nick Sampson
Nick Sampson is from Jacksonville Florida. He has a 5 year old daughter and his wife is expecting another child soon.
What is your job?
I am an Oiler on the ship which means I check the temperature gauges and maintain the ship. I keep the ship running, secure and dependable.
What do you love about your job?
I love that I am doing something positive. I enjoy people–I am a people person and I love to learn from others. You can see the world with this job, make good money and learn a lot. I have been to Hawaii, Guam, Saipan, Japan, South Korea, Germany and recently I spent 43 days in Alaska.
What is a challenge in your job?
Learning more about the machinery is a challenge but I am eager to learn. The job is good if you are single, but if you have kids it is difficult to be away. It is still a good job for supporting a family.
How did you know you wanted an ocean focused career?
My older brother is a mariner so I decided to do the same. I graduated from Blue Water Maritime School in Florida and have been working on ships for the last 7 years.
What are your words of advice?
Give it a try! Invest in yourself and you can learn a lot.
The Most Essential Crew: The Stewards
A final shout out- as Camille says- has to go to the stewards. From the first day, the food has been AMAZING!!! The smells of the cooking waft all the way up to the flying bridge. Our meals are at 7 am, 11 am, and 5 pm. Since the crew and scientist work a range of shifts, including the night shift, there is always a wide array of assorted snacks as well as easy to prepare meals like fancy ramen bowls. There are lots of organic choices, a fruit salad bar at breakfast, and a green salad bar at lunch. I have been enjoying the organic grassfed milk in my tea every morning.
The stewards, Arnold Dones and Judeni De Los Reyes, create food with great care and an element of magic. Since both have Filipino roots, they love to make some of the traditional foods like adobo and pancit (my favorite Filipino food). But they also love to test out new recipes. I am still thinking about the cabbage rolls from the first day. They tasted like a special grandmother’s recipe; Arnold shares that he researches recipes and gives them a try. Before working for NOAA, he was a cook for the Navy for 10 years.
Arnold loves his job on Lasker and takes great pride in carefully planning the menu even up to a year in advance. This way he can plan to have the right equipment and the right cooking time. Arnold “loves to cook everything” and likes to explore new foods. “Good food makes everyone function well both in terms of energy and morale. It makes people happy and I love to make everyone happy by giving them the best quality food and snacks.”
Arnold Dones (Chief Steward) and Judeni Delos Reyes (Steward)Breakfast: Avocado Toast Bar Lunch: Couscous Stuffed Tomatoes Salad BarDinner with Pancit (Filipino Noodles)MenusWell Stocked FridgeIce Cream Anytime
Did You Know?
Guadalupe Fur Seal Sighting. Photo Credit: Jim Tietz
Guadalupe Fur seals are members of the “eared fur seal” family. They breed on Guadalupe Island (off the coast of Mexico) and on the Channel Islands. They have been making a comeback since they were once hunted to near extinction in the 1700’s and 1800’s. They are now considered “threatened” on the Endangered Species list and research and conservation is helping their recovery. They feed on squid and small fish mostly at night. They dive from an average of 65’ to a maximum of 250’. They rest with their heads under water and their flippers poking out above water as pictured below. On this mission, we have been seeing both Northern Fur Seals and Guadalupe Fur Seals.
Mission: Integrated West Coast Pelagics Survey (Leg 2)
Geographic Area of Cruise: Pacific Ocean, California Coast
Date: July 6, 2025
Weather Data from the Bridge
At 4:00 p.m., the temperature was 57.2°F (14°C). Our boat position was 35/17.2 North Latitude and 121/30.2 West Longitude. The sky was OVC 8 oktas, which indicates that all eight sections of the sky were filled with clouds.
Career Log: NOAA stands for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Onboard NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada are nine officers serving in the NOAA corps. This is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States government. NOAA Corps is a non-military branch that works to assist with ocean and atmospheric research. There is an application process to join NOAA Corps, and once selected, training is facilitated at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut. According to the Commanding Officer Jeff Pereira, NOAA Corps’ job on this mission is to keep the crew and ship safe on the open waters at sea and to navigate the boat, ensuring success in both research and operations.
Sanam, NOAA Corps EnsignAras, Senior Watch OfficerMegan, NOAA Corps Ensign
Additionally, onboard there are many amazing deckhands who help with the challenging and somewhat dangerous operation of bringing the fishing nets in and out of the ocean.
One particularly notable (and somewhat cinematic) event during our time at sea was the mid-cruise transfer of an additional crew member by small boat. Due to an unexpected medical emergency, one of the originally scheduled crew members critical to deck operations was unable to join the expedition, leaving the ship shorthanded for round-the-clock fishing and research duties.
To remedy this, a coordinated transfer was executed involving a small Coast Guard vessel and the NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada. The NOAA Corps officers navigated the maneuver with impressive precision, transforming what could have been a logistical headache into what felt like a scene straight out of Mission: Impossible. The transfer was successful: the new crew member leaped—quite literally—onto the Shimada. With his arrival, we were once again fully staffed for 24/7 scientific operations.
Mammal Watch
The flying bridge is at the very top of the boat, so we get to see some interesting things up there. One fantastic and rare sighting happened when we spotted several humpback whales united in coming up to the surface to feed. According to fish biologist Sabrina Beyer, whales will make a circle around the fish and then travel up through the circle for an awesome meal.
Around the world, humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) use bubble-nets to trap certain prey such as krill, herring, and young salmon, sometimes in coordinated groups and at times alone. The whales dive down below their prey and swim in circles while releasing bubbles from their blowholes to create a rising curtain. The curtain creates a visual barrier that tricks the prey into thinking there’s no escape. Once the prey is tightly corralled, the whales lunge through the bubble-net with open mouths to swallow their meal.
Additionally, one important part of the scientist’s job is called “mammal watch.” This is usually done from the bridge before fishing nets are placed into the water. Watching the ocean helps reduce the chance that a mammal like a dolphin or a whale gets stuck in the fishing nets. Last night, we had many dolphin sightings and had to move the boat to another location. This delayed fishing for several hours.
Did You Know?
Did you know that there are 15 NOAA ships in operation? Being from Hawaii, I’m particularly interested in the vessels stationed there. Hopefully, once back in Hawaii, I can arrange a tour for my students of the NOAA Oscar Elton Sette. The ship’s home port is Honolulu, Hawaii.
Animals Seen Today:Butterfish, Storm Petrel, Hake, Octopus, Market Squid, Anchovies.
Today’s catch brought in a small batch of our target fish – hake – along with other ocean creatures, including the adorable butterfish. But the real scene-stealer wasn’t a fish at all. A small storm petrel has unofficially joined the crew, making himself quite at home aboard NOAA ship Bell M. Shimada. With his sleek webbed feet built for water paddling, he’s more sea-worthy than the rest of us. We haven’t caught him in flight yet, but his dinner situation is well taken care of.
At mealtime, scientist, Amanda Vitale, casually announced, “I’ve got a squid in my pocket.” This nice little gourmet offering was for Mr. Storm Petrel, named Jeff, after our Commanding Officer. Only an oceanographer would stroll into dinner toting a cephalopod takeout menu. How funny!
NOAA Teacher at Sea Kiersten Newtoff Aboard NOAA Ship Pisces January 6 – January 29, 2025
Mission: Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (AMAPPS) Geographic Area of Cruise: North Atlantic Coast Date: January 24, 2025 Data from the Bridge: N38°17’0″, W70°54’0″. 19kn winds. It says it’s 38°F, but I’m pretty sure it has said that for every single post so I suspect the temperature probe isn’t working.
Did you know that the NOAA Corp is a uniformed service? There are 8 total uniformed services, and NOAA is the smallest (about 337 personnel) – even smaller than the Space Force! I also legit had no idea the Space Force was a real thing. Huh. The more you know.
The NOAA Corps supports missions in understanding our oceans and atmosphere and its impact on humans such as fisheries, hurricanes, flood prediction, and resource management. The Corps is essentially the officers that drive the boat, manage the people, and support the science missions. To join you need to have a bachelor’s degree in a STEM field. If you’re interested in more research-based roles, the NOAA Corps may not be a good fit, but other NOAA offices are. If accepted, then you go through military medical screening, then officer training at the NOAA Corps Training Center at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, and then lots of courses and trainings. From there you can pick one of two paths: maritime or aviation. Most Corps members go the maritime route; if you choose to go with aviation you’ll go through additional training. We’ll go through the different positions on the maritime side of things since that’s who I’ve been working with!
Excerpt: Into the Oceans and the Air (NOAA Corps Official Service Song) Into storms we love to fly. Buckle in, we’ll reach the eye. We survey the mountain tops, predicting floods and saving crops. From the peaks to the coasts, we do soar. We are the NOAA Corps!
Balancing Sea and Shore Assignments
In earlier posts, you learned how many of the crew positions have 60 days on ship and 30 days on shore schedules. The NOAA Corps officers do something similar, but just longer: they spend two years at sea and three years on land. Sometimes the shore assignment still includes some sea time, but for much shorter stints. This five-year cycle coincides nicely with the positions on board. After completing training, your first boat assignment will be as a Junior Officer where you learn the ropes of your boat and learn from the other officers on board. The next sea duty will be as an Operations Officer, then Executive Officer (XO), and finally as a Commanding Officer (CO). Going through all these positions would get you to 20 years, when you are eligible for a pension.
Commanding Officer (CO)
The head honcho on the Pisces is Commanding Officer Colin Kliewer (pronounced like ‘cleaver’). He makes the ultimate decision as to what the ship’s activities or plans are for any given day as well as overall operations. All operations on Pisces are ultimately his responsibility. His day-to-day is a combination of administrative and operational tasks. He works alongside the Executive Officer (XO) on administrative work and with the Chief Engineer on boat systems. He will also work with the Operations Officers and Chief Scientist to come up with the daily operational plan with regards to weather and other conditions.
Commander Kliewer in the wet lab.
Like many of the scientists on board, Commander Kliewer got his undergraduate degree in Marine Biology. He always saw himself in public service; he applied to NOAA because he was able to serve and explore the country and the world. He started his journey in the NOAA Corps over 18 years ago, and he’s about to finish his CO position with the Pisces before heading to his next shore duty. Although he will be eligible for his pension in 2 years, he plans on staying in the Corps because there is a lot more he wants to experience and do. Commander Kliewer shares that the most crucial soft skill needed for the Corps is communication. He is a self-identified introvert (this surprises no one on board), but he recognizes how crucial good communication is to help improve operations and being aware of what’s is going on.
As I was working on this blog post, a small group of North Atlantic Right Whales hung out by the ship. These animals are critically endangered, with only about 360 or so left in the world. This is roughly around how many NOAA Corps members there are. Therefore, if we expand the NOAA Corps, then we will also have more right whales, because corps-elation = causation! I’ll see myself out.
Executive Officer
If Commander Kliewer is the president of the Pisces, then Executive Officer Steve Moulton is the vice president. If the CO goes down, Steve’s #1 job is to take over his role. He will make sure he gets us home safe and sound. But a typical day is usually not the worst case scenario, so otherwise he is helping the CO administratively. He is the go-to guy for all personnel administration and logistics. As you’ve learned, people are switching between shore and ship duty often and he works with shore support to make sure that the Pisces has the appropriate personnel every cruise. Shoreside recruitment will also identify potential hires for open positions on the ship and the XO will conduct virtual interviews to make sure they are the right fit for the Pisces. Steve shares that being trustworthy and good-natured are crucial characteristics for this career. If you can work well with others, everything else can be taught (and NOAA provides lots of training!). His goal is to bring on someone who is willing to learn and works well with others.
Getting the right people is paramount. When you have the wrong type of person on a ship with 30-35 people per leg, things can get really difficult, really fast. Steve
Steve getting his administrative duties on. I specifically wanted a picture of his desk, because he has engineered it to give him almost double the space.
Steve used to serve in the Coast Guard, primarily in the reserves and worked in industrial hygiene and OSHA compliance on job sites. When the Deepwater Horizon disaster happened, he worked a temporary, full-time position with the Coast Guard. There, he met quite a few people from NOAA and a Chief coast guard encouraged him to join the NOAA Corps. It was a great fit for him because he enjoyed science and education more than law enforcement and war. Steve will pass his XO reigns at the end of July and will start his 3ish years on shore duty in the DC area at headquarters. Since I’m local to the area I asked him about his commute. He will be taking the train, twice a day, for nearly 4 hours. Maybe he is trying to simulate being underway??
Operations Officers (Ops)
Nick and Ryan are the two operations officers on board. Their main job is to be the liaison between the ship and the science party. Ops know the capabilities of the ship and communicate with the science party to work within those parameters. This can include logistics in mobilization and demobilization, daily planning, and working with all departments to make sure equipment is ready for the project. They are also responsible for berthing, watch bills, fueling, course planning, and general reporting.
The best picture of Ryan that’s ever been taken (his words, kinda).
Before NOAA, Ryan served in the Air Force as a medic for 6 years. After his tour, he used his GI bill to get a degree in meteorology with the plan to go to Officer Training School. He was accepted, but it would be another 3-4 years before he could start due to a bottleneck of people joining. He really liked the job security, pay, camaraderie, training style, and rigid framework, but he didn’t want to wait years before starting OTS. He decided to join NOAA to maintain the structure he wanted but on a timeline that was more reasonable. Ryan shares that having high emotional intelligence to assess situations and interactions with others is important for the service. While there are ranks and hierarchy, it’s more important to understand and appreciate the experience people have and to build good relationships with everyone, no matter their position. Nick adds that having initiative is also important. You can’t just wait to be given a task; you need to recognize what needs to be done and be proactive in your response.
Nick started in the NOAA Corps in 2017, but he had a lot of interesting adventures before then. In college he focused on biomechanics and locomotion research, played professional soccer in Germany (check out his college stats), and taught 7, 8, and 11th grades. Then one day he was hiking in the woods and met a guy who was trying to make friends because he moved a lot because he was a NOAA Corps Officer. They got to talking and the rest is history. I asked what inspired a change in career, and his response:
I like being on boats. Nick
Emerson (left) and Nick (right) on the bridge. Credit: Commander Kliewer
Junior Officer
Fresh(ish) from training are Junior Officers Emerson and Christy. As Junior Officers, their primary responsibility is to navigate the ship and conduct underway watches on the bridge. Their collateral duties (as an aside – I’d never heard of the term ‘collateral duties’ and had no idea what it meant. Like, you have to offer up something you own for work?? But during the interview I never asked even though Emerson said it like 5 times because I didn’t want to interrupt, so I just sat there nodding. I’ve since googled it; it’s essentially duties that aren’t your primary duties. Why they aren’t called secondary duties…) include serving as damage control officers. They ensure that the ship complies with emergency policies that are in place and are responsible for planning drills, debriefing afterwards, and addressing any concerns to make improvements.
The things we get to do are pretty cool. Emerson
Emerson also serves as the Medical Person in Charge to handle and treat common injuries on board and follow protocols for more serious injuries and communicating with shore. As he got closer to finishing his undergraduate degree in environmental service, he was considering joining a uniformed service. Emerson learned about the NOAA Corps through his good friend Google. It really appealed to him because he could serve and also apply his science background on missions. He thinks that being curious, and having the mentality for continuous learning, will make you successful in the NOAA Corps. Having a want to learn new things and develop new skillsets will get you far.
Christy on deck.
Some of the collateral duties that Christy does are serving as a navigation officer, environmental compliance officer (ECO), dive officer, and the manager of FUN. Because why do one thing when you can do many things? Her most important role (in my opinion) is leading the Morale, Wellness, and Recreation committee – we all live and work together for long periods of time, so keeping morale up is mission critical. Christy has both a bachelor’s and master’s in marine biology, but research wasn’t really scratching that itch. She studied abroad and did outdoor recreation programs but same thing – none of these really felt like the right fit. But there was a common thread – being on boats. And she liked boats. And boats liked her. A couple twists and turns later, and Christy joined the NOAA Corps. Christy is the epitome of adaptability – assignments and duties are constantly in flux, and you really need to be able to adjust so that you can function. You also have to be able to adapt to life at sea and maneuver how you approach friendships and relationships.
Does the NOAA Corps sound like something you want to pursue? Get started here!
Bonus!
So the picture below was the original picture of Steve. Notice how the light is glaring from the window? I don’t really do photo editing, so I don’t really know how to fix it. I know that Photoshop has some AI tools, so I tried that. I highlighted over the window and the glare and prompted “Remove Glare”.
And the results were definitely not what I was expecting…
At least he has some ideas of what looks good as far as hairstyles and glasses go!
NOAA Teacher at Sea Nick Lee Aboard NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson June 29 – July 20, 2024
Mission: Pollock Acoustic-Trawl Survey
Geographic Area of Cruise: Eastern Bering Sea
Date: July 15, 2024
Weather Data from the Bridge:
Latitude: 59° 51.9 N
Longitude: 173° 53.5 W
Wind Speed: 11 knots
Air Temperature: 6.1° Celsius (42.9° Fahrenheit)
Science and Technology Log:
On my cruise, scientists take acoustic measurements along the length of each transect. To ensure that they are accurately estimating the abundance of pollock, they take steps to separate out any backscatter that they believe didn’t come from pollock.
Scientists then apply algorithms to the data in order to estimate pollock abundance over the entire survey area. First, they break up the transect into 0.5 nautical mile (NM) sections and record the average backscatter for that section. Specifically, scientists are interested in the areal density – the amount of backscatter per square nautical mile (NM2).
This data can be challenging to interpret, so one way the scientists represent it visually is with a stick plot over the survey area:
Acoustic backscatter from the 2022 pollock survey.
In this graphic, the transect lines are shown in black, and the density of acoustic backscatter for each 0.5 NM section is represented with a yellow stick. The longer the stick, the greater the density of backscatter at that location.
Scientists then use this data to perform calculations on the entire survey area, including the space in between transects. For each 0.5 NM section of transect, the acoustic density is extrapolated halfway to the next transect on either side.
In this diagram, the red line represents a 0.5 NM section of transect for which acoustic density is calculated. This acoustic density is then applied to the entire pink rectangle, which extends halfway to the next to the transect on either side.
By doing this process for every 0.5 NM section of transect studied, scientists are able to calculate values of acoustic density for the entire survey area.
Map of current survey area and transect lines (black), with boxes (purple) indicating the area over which data from each transect is extrapolated.
Getting from acoustic density to pollock abundance takes another set of calculations, this time making use of trawl data. The pollock caught in each trawl can vary drastically in terms of size – some trawls are mostly juveniles, some trawls are mostly adults, and some are an even mix of both. For a given location, scientists use data from the nearest geographic trawl to estimate the distribution of fish in that area.
In some trawls, the most fish were within 20-30 cm in length (above) while in others, most fish were over 40 cm in length (below).
Having trawl data is necessary to convert the acoustic data into fish abundance because small and large pollock do not reflect backscatter equally. Scientists have studied this, and they have created a relationship for the different backscatter reflected by different length pollock. Using the distribution of pollock in the nearest trawl, scientists are able to proportionally allocate the observed backscatter to pollock of different lengths.
As pollock length increases, backscatter also increases. (Equation from Lauffenburger et al., 2023. Mining previous acoustic surveys to improve walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) target strength estimates, ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 80, Issue 6, August 2023, Pages 1683–1696, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad094)
As an example, let’s simplify the two locations sampled in the graphs above. Suppose the first location had only 20 cm pollock, the second had only 40 cm pollock, and equal backscatter was observed at both sites. Scientists know that, all else being equal, 20 cm pollock produce less backscatter than 40 cm pollock. This means that in order to reflect the same backscatter, there must be a greater number of 20 cm pollock than 40 cm pollock.
By repeating a similar process for each geographic location, scientists are able to estimate the number of pollock in the entire survey area!
Personal Log
The sailing and many of the operations of NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson are done by NOAA Corps officers. I hadn’t heard of the NOAA Corps before sailing, but I’ve since learned that they play an important role in facilitating NOAA research.
To learn more about the experience of NOAA Corps officers, I interviewed Ensign Savi Morales.
Ensign Savi Morales (left) on the bridge collaborating with John Swenson, a member of the deck crew.
Why did you decide to become a NOAA Corps officer?
I’ve always wanted to support the protection of the environment and mitigating climate change. After college, I was trying to figure out where I would contribute the most. I really loved being out on the water, and I had sailed plenty but I wanted to find a way to combine my interests in an environment I contribute the most. The NOAA Corps felt like it was a combination of those things.
I also loved the idea of working with the crew, engineering department, and science. I really enjoy that mixture of groups we have aboard Dyson, which makes every trip’s dynamic different. There’s also a lot of hands-on experience on the bridge deck making our 12 days packed with projects I work on. The NOAA Corps embraces a diverse skill set in order to think and act like a Swiss army knife and be a jack of all trades.
What are your responsibilities on board the ship?
My responsibilities are two 4-hour bridge watches as a Junior Officer of the Deck as I work towards becoming a fully qualified Officer of the Deck. In between my watches I work on tasks related to my responsibilities as the Dyson’s damage control officer, assistant navigation officer, and assistant public affairs officer. I track the sea service hours for our augmenting and personal crew, which they can use to upgrade their license. I maintain flags, and I do monthly safety rounds, inspecting fire extinguishers and fire stations.
What do you enjoy the most about your work?
I enjoy meeting the characters that come to the Dyson, definitely an eclectic but fun group. I also enjoy how much they’ve thrown me into the mix and had me figure things out. It’s a little bit of a trial by fire, but I learn really quick and I’d rather learn by doing.
What part of your job with NOAA did you least expect to be doing?
Checking fire extinguishers, there’s about 100 on board and they all need to be checked monthly. It takes about 3-4 hours.
Here in the Bering Sea you hear about the big, massive waves, but it’s not always like that. The Aleutian Islands are gorgeous with lots of wildlife. I don’t think I’ve seen this many bald eagles, orcas, or puffins in my entire life. They always brighten my day.
What advice do you have for a young person interested in a career in the NOAA Corps?
NOAA Corps requires you to have a four-year college degree in order to apply. Other than that, I’d say find opportunities to go out on the water. There’s high school scholarships, there’s college scholarships. You can also volunteer if you have time. I volunteered at the UC Davis Bodega marine lab. I visited once a week just to hang out with the scientists, with the crew to see if this is what I liked. Be curious and experience things for yourself!
Did you know?
NOAA Corps is one of the country’s eight uniformed services, and its officers operate NOAA ships and aircraft around the country. After completing basic training at the US Coast Guard Academy, NOAA officers assist in fisheries research, seafloor mapping, monitoring atmospheric conditions, and may respond to natural disasters and extreme weather. Learn more at the NOAA Corps website here!
