drifter – NOAA Teacher at Sea Blog

August 20, 2025August 20, 2025

Joshua Gonzalez: T2 – I’ll Be Back: August 20, 2025

NOAA Teacher at Sea

Joshua Gonzalez

Aboard NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada

August 11 – August 23, 2025

Mission: Integrated West Coast Pelagics Survey (Leg 4)

Geographic Area of Cruise: Pacific Ocean, California Coast

Today’s Date: August 20, 2025

Weather Data from the Bridge:

Latitude: 42° 37.1’N

Longitude: 125° 02.4′ W

Wind speed: 22.6 kts.

Wave height: 3-4 ft.

Air temp.: 16.1° C (61° F)

Sky: Fog

Science and Technology Log

Today I had the opportunity to participate in science in a new way than I have before on this mission. I was able to deploy a drifter as a part of the NOAA Adopt-a-Drifter Program. A drifter is a tool that NOAA uses to acquire data from all over the ocean to aid with weather forecasting.

According to NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorology Laboratory,

“The modern drifter is a high-tech version of the “message in a bottle.” It consists of a surface float and a drogue (sea anchor), which are connected by a long tether. Drifters average their data over a window (typically 90 seconds), and transmit ocean data to an orbiting satellite. Each drifter transmitter is assigned a unique code, referred to as the drifter ID, which makes the identification of each drifter possible.”

Josh, wearing a life vest and hard hat, holds the drifter (buoy plus folded up drogue) near the railing, ready to deploy. He smiles for the photo. it is nighttime. — Ready to deploy the drifter. If you look closely, it’s labeled with my school’s name: River Trail School of Agricultural Science.

The drifters collect data on ocean surface temperature, wind speed and direction, salinity and barometric pressure.

The Adopt-a-Drifter Program offers schools, scientists, and other interested parties the opportunity to follow a specific drifter’s trajectory and sea surface conditions. While there are many schools that participate in the program, there are not many teachers that have the unique opportunity to deploy the drifter themselves. It is a lot of fun for students to follow along with their drifter, but having deployed the drifters myself will make it even more exciting for my students.

There is an expression that applies to how I like to teach and to how I will incorporate this experience into my classroom that goes, “Tell me and I may forget. Show me, and I might remember. Involve me, and I’ll learn.” Bringing this experience into my class and having the students follow along as the drifter does its job will provide a learning opportunity that will stick with them for years to come as well as foster a love for science that may inspire them for a lifetime.

Deploying the drifter

Earlier today I also had the opportunity to help collect water from different depths to get eDNA (Environmental DNA). We used a CTD rosette (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth) to take samples of water from various depths of the water column. Each of the tubes is open when it is dropped in the water. Then when it reaches the desired depth, a button is pushed to trigger magnets to shut the tube. This can be done individually for up to twelve tubes on the rosette. When it is brought to the surface the water can be collected and analyzed. We took 2.5 liters of water from each sample and ran them individually through a special filter that collected the DNA from the water. I think collecting eDNA is genius. Fish leave all sorts of DNA in the water. By taking the DNA out of the water, it is possible to tell what types of fish were in the various depths of the samples taken even though we did not see or catch them. It reminds me of a detective searching for clues.

Josh, wearing a life vest, gloves, work boots, and a hard hat, crouches on deck near the CTD rosette. he holds a bag out to collect a water sample from one of the filter bottles in the rosette. it is nighttime. — Collecting water from the CTD rosette.

Josh stands at a workbench in the wet lab, wearing blue gloves. with his left hand, he reaches for a filter paper set up in a water filtration apparatus. — Collecting water from the CTD rosette.

We also had a haul of hake fish with a few rockfish mixed in. We even got some lampreys. In many people’s opinion, hake are not the most beautiful fish, but they are very important. We eat hake in imitation crab, fish sandwiches, and fish patties. It is also used in some cat foods. It is important that we have good data about hake populations to keep them healthy and bountiful. We separate the fish into different groups, identify what they are, weigh and measure the catch, and record the data. We have computer programs to enter the data. There are a number of procedures we have to follow to record the data properly. Once you have the hang of it, the processing can move pretty quickly.

Personal Log

I am off the dock and officially back at sea again. In a way, I am a Teacher at Sea twice. 🙂 My body definitely adjusted much more quickly this time around. Just as I suspected, everyone is eager to get going. The hauls are coming in and business has picked up. Even though the processing of each haul is moving efficiently, extracting the otoliths takes a developed feel. I’m getting there, but don’t quite have the hang of it yet. My hands are definitely starting to smell a little fishy no matter how many times I wash them.

Everyone has been very helpful, and I am learning a lot of new things. It feels a little weird though, because while it seems like we are just getting started, the finish line is just around the corner. We return to Newport on the 23rd. I’ve already done my last load of laundry onboard. The last few dirty things I’ll do at home. I hope the person who sits next to me on the plane doesn’t mind a faint smell of fish though, because I’m not sure it’s fully coming off for a little while.

Even though we still have two full days of science work to be done, I have started reflecting a little on everything that has transpired on this mission. I think the key takeaway so far has been to be flexible and stay ready. We have plans in life, but they do not always happen how we expect them to go. You have to be able to adapt and keep a positive attitude to make the most out of whatever opportunity you have.

I played a lot of sports growing up. One thing I could not control is playing time. I learned though, that while you may not always get as much playing time as you think you deserve, you just have to make the most out of the opportunities you do have. For example if you are only put in for five plays in a particular game, during those five plays you can still be the best player on the field. No matter what you do, give glory by giving your best. Vince Lombardi once said, “The quality of a person’s life is in direct proportion to their commitment to excellence, regardless of their chosen field of endeavor.”

I wonder how the mission would have been different without the obstacles we had to overcome. Who knows? But in the end, the what ifs don’t really matter. With the opportunities we’ve had, we’ve gotten a lot done and made great experiences. While we’ve been busy, last night and this morning I had a chance to see the stars at night and the sunrise in the morning. I couldn’t help but feel reminded of Psalm 19. I know a lot can happen in the final two-plus days, so I shouldn’t close the book quite yet. I am excited to see what is still to come as we get to the end of the mission.

incredible photo of the night sky showing some lighter areas - the milky way - and a short streak of light with a tail — Caught a glimpse (and a photo!) of a shooting star and the Milky Way.

dramatic view of an orange sunrise over mountains beyond calm ocean waters. the sun is reflected in the ocean. — Caught a glimpse (and a photo!) of a shooting star and the Milky Way.

Did You Know?

During the daytime many CPS (coastal pelagic species) fish swim about on their own in search of food, but at night they tend to school together for defense.

Can you identify this specices?

close-up view of one hake fish in a pile of hake fish

If you guessed Pacific Hake also known as Pacific Whiting, way to go! Some key identifiers are the hake’s round body and silvery color with black speckles on their back. Their average size is up to 3 feet in length.

August 13, 2025August 14, 2025

Dorothy Holley: Moving Metal, August 11, 2025

NOAA Teacher at Sea

Dorothy Holley

Aboard NOAA Ship Pisces

July 31 – August 15, 2025

Blog Post #6

Mission: Northeast Ecosystem Monitoring Survey (EcoMon)

Geographic Area of Cruise: Northwest Atlantic Ocean

Date: August 11, 2025

Weather Data from Bridge:
Latitude: 3956.51 N
Longitude: 07043.5 W
Relative Wind speed: 17
Wind Direction: 336
Air Temperature: 23.6
Sea Surface Temperature: 24.965
Barometric Pressure: 1022.81
Speed Over Ground: 9.8
Water Conductivity: 5.326
Water Salinity: 35.03125

close-up of the buoy portion of the drifter; it is a white fiberglass ball covered in stickers and marker decorations

close-up of the buoy portion of the drifter; it is a white and blue fiberglass ball covered in stickers and marker decorations

Dorothy and Miles, wearing life vests, stand near the railing of NOAA Ship Pisces, and together hold up the drifter buoy and its folded up drogue

Dorothy and Miles, wearing life vests, stand at the rail just after deploying the drifting buoy. it is a lovely day, with some sunset colors and only a few clouds

view of the ocean with the drifting buoy perhaps barely visible in the distance

Miles and Dorothy launch the drifter!

First, Janice from NC is asking about the drifters! In my first blog I mentioned the Global Drifter Program. Since 1979 countries have been placing and monitoring drifters around the world to better understand and make better predictions . Amanda, Miles and I launched the last of our drifters yesterday.

Sam Ouertani, CIMAS (UMiami/NOAA) Research Associate, provided the following answers to Janice’s questions:
How long are the drifters collecting information?
> Drifters typically collect data until the drifter runs aground, the batteries die, or the sensors die. Most drifters are able to collect data for 450 days, however they typically lose their drogue within a year. Without a drogue, data from drifters cannot be used to accurately estimate the surface current velocities, but drifters are still able to measure sea surface temperature and other parameters if equipped with additional sensors.

Are there cameras on the drifters?
> Unfortunately, Global Drifter Program drifters don’t have cameras but several programs in NOAA have started to add cameras. The National Data Buoy Center has added cameras to almost 100 buoys. I believe the Arctic Buoy Program has started adding cameras to observe sea ice conditions, but footage is not yet available.

Do they collect data about depth of the ocean?
>Drifters only collect data at the surface of the ocean; therefore they don’t measure any parameters below the surface, and they do not measure sea floor depth. Another NOAA program, Argo, collects temperature, salinity, and pressure below the ocean surface, but Argo floats do not reach the bottom of the ocean.

Where’s the deepest part?
>The deepest part of the ocean is the Challenger Deep, 35,876 feet deep or over 6.7 miles deep, located in the Mariana Trench. Humans measured this depth by lowering a rope from a submersible vehicle.

Thank you Sam for such thorough answers, and thank you Janice for asking! You can find more information about the drifters we launched here.

Second, an answer to the math problem from the last BLOG: On the First Christmas Bird Count, 18,500 individual birds were logged by the 27 participants. On average, 685 birds were seen by each person. That’s a lot of birds! (The numbers 25, 89, and 1990 were not used to solve the problem.) How do you think that number compares to today’s counts?

Engineers Drew, Glen, and Eric on NOAA Ship Pisces

Science at Sea: If steel is heavier than water, how does the 1840-metric ton Pisces stay afloat? Her density, that’s how! The total volume of water she displaces (including steel, people, parts, and air) must have less mass than that same volume of saltwater. Saltwater’s density is 1.025 g/mL, that’s more dense than freshwater, making it easier for you to float in the ocean. You might remember the Titanic sank when it hit an iceberg, ripping the hull and allowing water to enter and add more mass to the ship.

I recently was given a tour of Pisces hull space by the fabulous Engineering Department. They literally make everything run.

bright red door to the engine room, with a window showing equipment inside. Signs on the door read: DANGER - High Noise Level. Double Ear Protection Required. DANGER. Eye hazard area. Wear eye protection.

on a wall of the engine room, painted in red above a collection of hanging wrenches, are the words SAFETY FIRST

two fire extinguishers mounted on a railing

Safety is paramount

With ear plugs safely protecting my eardrums, we traveled down into the engine space. Safety is paramount. Fire stations can reach any point on the ship with 2 different hoses. There are 2 or 4 of everything – fire hoses, engines, generators, AC units, proportion motors, you name it – because EVERYTHING needs a backup. There are traditional CO₂ fire extinguishers, but I’ve never been to a school that had a CO₂ flooding system like the engine room has. Carbon-dioxide (CO₂) breaks the oxygen side of the fire triangle by displacing oxygen in the combustion reaction, effectively stopping the reaction. If you were taught to “stop, drop, and roll,” you learned another way to smother the fire. The CO₂ flooding system is so powerful that it cannot be used without doing a full body count of the people onboard to make sure no one is in the engine room.

a man stands in the engine room, his right hand resting on an unidentified piece of equipment — Engineer Eric

a man in a blue jumpsuit, with ear protection resting over his shoulder, stands in front of a narrow desk in the engine deck, posing a bit for the photo — Engineer Eric

Dorothy poses for a photo in the middle of an engine room with metal grated floors, many wires, unidentified equipment — Dorothy tours the engine room

oily water separator. close up view of a control panel and a warning plaque that reads: Discharge of Oil Prohibited — Dorothy tours the engine room

Engineers Eric (left) and Travis (right) show Dorothy how water, electricity, and power are provided

Our first stop was the water maker unit. The water needed for cooking, bathing, and drinking can be distilled from ocean water or processed through reverse osmosis. Both options are available on Pisces. Past the expansion tanks and power distribution units Engineer Eric pointed out the refrigeration system for our Chemistry lab above. We freeze chlorophyll samples taken in one of our CTD projects in an ultra low freezer maintained at -75^oC. I was looking at the equipment that was making the freezer work. Air compressors, generators, and motors make the 600-volt electricity on board, step it down to 480 volts for the major machinery, and down even farther to 110 volts for the outlet in my stateroom to charge my cellphone.

Dorothy stands in front of some equipment in the engine room. — Dorothy takes notes during her tour of the engine room

We continued inspecting the machinery that runs Pisces and enables our teams to fulfil our mission. Another piece of equipment that resembles an instrument from our chemistry lab is the centrifuge. It is used to purify the diesel fuel. These pull out the heavier impurities and store water, the lightest part of the mixture, underneath. You might have seen centrifuges at work in the dairy industry. Understanding the science of the engine room helps the science outside the engine room work even better!

view down a narrow hallway, lined with reflective tape, in the engine room

Schematic (bottom left) of the 2 generators and 2 propulsion motors (down walkway on right). Water maker unit (top left) and refrigeration system (middle left) .

More information on Pisces: The ship is 206 feet long, is capable of trawling up to 6,000 feet, and can lift 8,000 pounds. She also has a “quiet hull” which helps reduce underwater sound. Maybe that’s why the whales and dolphins get so close?!

view down at metal flooring in the engine room, interspersed with see-through metal grating. we see two sets of legs. — Feel the power!

You do the Math: If each of the engine’s cylinders displacement is 51 liters, and it has 12 cylinders, what is the total displacement of the engine? Compare this with a car engine which holds 2-3 liters. Check in the next blog post for the answer.

To increase the speed of the ship requires an increase in power, but this is not a directly proportional relationship. Doubling the speed requires the power to be cubed. Engineer Eric described the importance of understanding fuel use on ships, math is money! Large container ships easily spend $300,000 a day on fuel. Saving 1% translates to $30,000 savings.

Decorated styrofoam shapes in a mesh bag on a table

view of the lower portion of the CTD rosette, showing a mesh bag filled with colored styrofoam pieces attached underneath the apparatus

Styrofoam science experiment…. submerged 500 meters…. inverse relationship between pressure and volume predicts the air pockets in the styrofoam will decrease when the pressure is increased. What do you think will happen?

Interesting Things: I am surprised by the ways I have been prepared for life on a boat by classroom life in a public school. At West Johnston High School, in Benson, NC, we have fire drills at least once a month. On a boat, we have safety drills at least once a week. The horn blows a series of long and/or short blasts to let us know if there is a fire, a “MAN OVERBOARD”, or if we need to “ABANDON SHIP!”

Dorothy stands on deck, wearing a fully zipped orange survival suit, holding her arms wide for the photo. the sky and water are bright blue in the background.

a fast rescue boat speeds across the water

Everyone must get into their Gumby suit in less than a minute during an emergency fire drill. The FRB (Fast Reserve Boat) practices the man overboard rescue!

group photo - taken by a camera set up on a table with a timer, we discern from the table in the foreground - of 10 people on the aft deck of NOAA Ship Pisces, seated around a picnic table underneath a canvas shade awning. — *The Science team on NOAA Ship Pisces EcoMon Summer 2025*

Career Spotlight: Meet NOAA Ship Pisces’ new CO! Commander Sinquefield.

a man in a NOAA Corps uniform stands on the bridge of NOAA Ship Pisces, facing a head, holding an intercom up to his ear and smiling. — Commander Sinquefield, NOAA Ship *Pisces*

Did you know there was a Change of Command last month? Our new CO brings a wealth of knowledge and a desire to be a good leader. He showed me around the bridge this week and shared some of his background (BTW, the view on the bridge is amazing!). CDR Sinquefield’s command philosophy is to respect yourself, respect your shipmates, and respect your ship. Likewise, take care of yourself, take care of your shipmates, and take care of your ship. He believes in personal communication and fresh air.

The things he likes about being CO? He likes seeing things you just can’t see on shore, the continuity of historical traditions (like the language, for instance the word “starboard,” has had meaning for 1000 years), training, the opportunity to put into action leadership skills that he was taught and learned through leaders he admired, and regulations. OK, regulations might be pushing it, but he did say he had great respect for the loss of life that has prompted many of the regulations in the shipping industry today.

Growing up in Mississippi, he joined the Coast Guard to complete the trifecta of working in cotton fields, chicken plants, and river tugboats. CDR Sinquefield worked on three different ships while in the Coast Guard, hauled more 80-lb batteries up Alaskan mountains to replenish navigation lights than he’d care to remember, and became familiar with NOAA projects that informed fisheries reports on the west coast. He left the Coast Guard as ship assignments became highly competitive as the service was taking older ships offline at a greater rate then they were being replaced. He left the USCG and he joined NOAA as a civilian, later joining NOAA’s uniformed service, the NOAA Corps.

a hand points to a spot on a map displayed on a computer monitor.

a man in a blue NOAA Corps uniform and black NOAA sweatshirt stands on the bridge. He grasps a metal bar mounted along the ceiling with his right hand and smiles for a photo.

view through one window of the bridge over an outer deck. mounted on or in the window is a cylinder surrounded by a circle.

CO teaches the teacher about maps available for navigation. ENS Howsman (top right) stands watch on the bridge. The center of the circular device (bottom right) spins so fast during cold weather it keeps the area ice free.

CDR Sinquefield was able to earn his commercial shipping license, but doesn’t plan on driving a Mississippi tug boat anytime soon. He stands firm with NOAA’s of 10,000 people, 7 line offices, 15 research and survey ships, and 10 specialized environmental data collecting aircraft. The extraordinary mammals – we’re talking seals and blue whales here – affirm his career choice every. single. day.

Personal Log

Life on is very different from life on land. We work 12-hour shifts. Everyone gets to walk to work – I take 53 steps (10 of them are down 1 staircase) from my cabin door to the door of the dry lab. I take 19 steps to the mess hall for lunch and dinner. There are 67 steps (up 3 staircases) from my door to the Flying Bridge where I see gulls, Mola mola, a full view of the sun in the day, and a sky load of stars at night. I am there now, working on this Blog post when I am not distracted by nature.

Dorothy takes a selfie from a chair on the deck of NOAA Ship Pisces. She is wearing a pink shirt with the outline of the state of North Carolina and the word "Teacher." Her laptop rests on her knees. — Dorothy “working” on this BLOG on the Flying Bridge

One thing that is the same on a boat is the need to wash clothes (probably more frequently since everything had to fit in a carry-on bag and I needed that fleece sleeping bag just in case!). Here is a picture of the laundry room. The ship has 3 washers, 3 dryers, and all the detergent you need.

Dorothy takes a selfie next to a stack of washing machines

close up view of label on dryer that reads: Clean lint trap after each use.

Dorothy checks out the washer and dryer on board. Detergent is provided. The most important rule when using is to clean out the dryer lint trap before AND after using. Extra Credit if you can tell me why!

August 5, 2025August 5, 2025

Cheryl Milliken: Sharks off South Carolina, August 3, 2025

NOAA Teacher at Sea

Cheryl Milliken

Aboard NOAA Ship Oregon II

July 25 – August 10, 2025

Mission: Bottom Longline Survey, Leg 1

Geographic Area of Cruise: Atlantic Coast of Florida

Date: August 3, 2025

Weather Data from the Bridge (3:00 PM)

Latitude: 32° 54.4’ N

Longitude: 079° 00.3’ W

Wind speed: 18 kts.

Wave height: 1-2’

Air temp.: 28.1 C

Sky: Clouds

Science and Technology Log

To date, we have caught, tagged, and fin-clipped silky, sharpnose, sandbar, tiger, great hammerhead, blacknose, nurse, and scalloped hammerhead sharks. We have also brought up red snappers, a pale spotted eel, and a blunt-nose lizardfish. I have never seen any of these fishes before, so it has opened a whole new world of sea creatures for me. I am grateful to have this opportunity to explore a region of the ocean with which I am unfamiliar.

view of a scalloped hammerhead shark lying on it ventral side (belly) in a teal mesh shark cradle suspended over the water. a crewmember, mostly out of frame, reaches two arms over the ship's railing to steady the shark.

top-down view from an upper deck of crewmembers standing near the rail as a teal mesh shark cradle rises out of the water, holding a large tiger shark

a man wearing blue gloves, standing on deck and facing away from the camera, holds out a large red-orange fish by the operculum (opening behind the jaw)

straight on view of a hammerhead shark's head; the shark is suspended in the teal mesh cradle, and two gloved hands hold up its head to prepare to remove the hook

Cheryl, wearing a sunhat, a hard hat on top of the sunhat, and a life vest, kneels on deck. with two gloved hands, she holds up a small sharpnose shark and smiles for a photo.

Top row: Scallloped hammerhead shark in mesh cradle; Large tiger shark being hoisted by crane and cradle to be processed alongside the ship (photo courtesy NOAA Corps officer on the bridge); Field Party Chief and PI Trey Driggers lifting red snapper onto cutting table to remove otoliths and eye lenses. Bottom row: Face of scalloped hammerhead shark prior to removal of circle hook; I am holding a sharpnose shark after measuring and fin-clipping it. (Photo by Gretchen Kruizenga).

Personal Log

Living on a ship is much different than living on land. Obviously, we’re on a moving vessel, so the scenery and location are different every time we wake up. As soon as the mooring lines were cast off, we had no access to shopping for anything that we might have forgotten…

One major change from when I was last aboard a ship 25 years ago is the internet. Thanks to a satellite connection through Starlink, I can now stream movies, call my husband, and scroll through Facebook — even miles from shore. It’s strange but comforting to feel connected to the outside world while being so physically remote.

Our living quarters are compact and communal. On the main deck where we fish, there’s a toilet and sink, while the lower deck — where we sleep — has two water closets with an adjacent sink. Each stateroom also has a small sink, which makes washing up and brushing teeth a bit easier. For showers, we have two shared ones for the entire crew, so we limit ourselves to ten-minute showers to make sure everyone gets a turn and can get to bed soon after their shift.

Before leaving port, the crew was split into two watches: day watch (12 noon to midnight) and night watch (midnight to noon). Most staterooms house two people on opposite watches, so the person off duty has the room to themselves while the other works. Unfortunately, our bunks are located just below the deck where the fishing line is hauled in, so it gets quite noisy. Sleep is something we grab when we can, knowing it may be disrupted by the sound of the winch or the motion of high seas. I’m on day watch, so my schedule feels more natural — but for those on night watch, sleeping during daylight and staying alert all night is a real challenge.

Yesterday we also launched the second drifter. This one had Falmouth High School stickers, of course, but also the crew of NOAA Ship Oregon II wrote their names, drew, or wrote favorite quotes. It was fun to get everyone on the ship involved in this project! The track of Drifter #1 appears to be keeping up with the ship!

close up view of the buoy, shaped like a large fiberglass beach ball. the bottom half is blue and the top half is white, and decorated. We see a sticker of a lobster (mvyradio.org), a school sticker (for Falmouth Clippers), and some handwritten quotes and signatures. — Drifter #2 with quotes from crew

close up view of the buoy, shaped like a large fiberglass beach ball. the bottom half is blue and the top half is white, and decorated. We see some school stickers (for Falmouth Clippers), and some handwritten quotes and signatures, and a drawing of a shark near the seabed. — Drifter #2 with quotes from crew

Cheryl, wearing her Teacher at Sea t shirt, a life vest, and sunglasses, poses for a photo on deck next to the drifting buoy, currently curled up and resting on a table surface. — I am preparing to launch Drifter #2 from fantail

map of sea surface temperature by geographic location as measured by the first drifting buoy. measurements are depicted as squares, color coded by temperature, ranging from 28 degrees Celsius (purple) to 32 degrees Celsius (red); most of the readings are green, which corresponds to 30 degrees C. the measurements start east of Florida and extend north along the Gulf Stream toward North Carolina. — I am preparing to launch Drifter #2 from fantail

Interview with Trey Driggers

Trey, wearing a life vest and work gloves, stands on deck with his right hand on the rail of the ship and his left resting on a white barrel lined with circle hooks. Behind him, the sky is blue with many gray clouds, and the water is blue-gray with some chop. — Dr. Trey Driggers hauling in hooks during our longline survey.

Trey Driggers is the PI, or principal investigator, of the Southeast Fisheries Science Center Bottom Longline (BLL) Survey. He originally wanted to be a musician playing guitar, but his father said that if he went to military school first, he would pay for college. That seemed like a good deal, so he completed an associate’s degree at Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, PA, then continued for a BA in History from Clemson University.

Trey imagined being a lawyer, but he was always interested in sharks. His fascination with large predators was driven after his childhood dog was eaten by an alligator in his grandparents’ yard in Florida. He was 8 years old when the movie Jaws came out, and although he was too young to see it, he was intrigued by all the shark-related merchandise that was on the shelves at that time. During his senior year in college, scientists from the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History released a book entitled, Sharks in Question: The Smithsonian Answer Book. The last section was entitled, “How Do I Become a Shark Specialist?” He read that and thought, “That’s a job?” His career goals dramatically changed; now he realized that he could be a shark biologist. After graduating from Clemson, he enrolled in the courses needed to earn another degree in Marine Science. Once Trey had this focus, he became a straight A student. He finished that program in two years.

After finishing his coursework in marine science, Trey applied for graduate school and was accepted into Dr. John Dean’s lab at the University of South Carolina. Dr. Dean was very supportive of his students and is considered one of the godfathers of otoliths, studying ear stones of finfish to determine their age. Trey’s master’s thesis was on the age and growth of yellowfin tuna. Dr. Dean convinced him to stay in that lab to complete his PhD, as well. Part of his research on blacknose sharks required him to collect fin clips from sharks for a genetic study which was done in part on the Southeast Fisheries Science Center’s Bottom Longline Survey, which solidified his desire to work for the National Marine Fisheries Service. He has been participating in this survey since 1999. The rest is history!

Tell me about your family:

“We live in Ocean Springs, MS. My wife is a biology teacher in middle school. We met at USC and are both Clemson Tigers. We’ve been married for 26 years and have three children: Amelia is a biomedical engineer; Boyd is a junior at Ole Miss; and Max is a senior in high school. We have a malinois dog named Lilah and a chihuahua named Oliver.”

How did you get your position at NOAA Fisheries?

“In 2002 I was still a post-doc, but I went to the Resource Surveys Branch Chief at the Pascagoula lab three separate times to ask for a job. I think I finally wore him down and was hired in 2003. In 2012, I became the Shark Unit Leader. Kristin Hannan is my right-hand partner, and Will Tilley complements us both to make a solid team.”

What is the most fun part of your job?

“There are many fun parts of my job. My coworkers and I are very close, and it’s great being around people who have the same interests. I get to see things very few people get to see and I feel very fortunate to have access to the resources that allow me to conduct broad scale research. When I retire, I will know I did exactly what I set out to do and will have achieved my professional goals.”

What is the most difficult part of your job?

“I miss important family events such as birthdays, first days of school, etc. The good definitely outweighs the bad, though. Our work helps conservation and fishermen. I feel it’s critical to have boots on the ground when conducting research and in my field there is only one place to do that and that is on the water.”

What part of your job with NOAA did you least expect to be doing?

“I least expected the Deepwater Horizon disaster. When that happened, we were told, ‘You’re now forensic biologists,’ and our jobs changed significantly for a time. It was a big adjustment, and a massive effort by many, many people.”

What would you be doing if you didn’t work for NOAA?

“I’ve thought about that a lot and don’t have a good answer. I do play my guitar 3-4 hours per day, though, and would try to do something with that.”

Did You Know?

Scientists have identified ten different species of hammerhead sharks. We are fortunate to have caught two different species so far!

New Animals Seen:

Scalloped hammerhead shark
Pale spotted eel
Decorator crab
Semipalmated plover

out of focus view of a small shorebird walking on a gray surface — Semipalmated plover
(courtesy of Lila Xenakis)

a decorated crab photographed splayed out against a blue surface; we can see some seaweed stuck to it — Decorator crab

July 31, 2025August 1, 2025

Cheryl Milliken: Drifting and Setting, July 30, 2025

NOAA Teacher at Sea

Cheryl Milliken

Aboard NOAA Ship Oregon II

July 25 – August 10, 2025

Mission: Bottom Longline Survey, Leg 1

Geographic Area of Cruise: Atlantic Coast of Florida

Date: July 30, 2025

Weather Data from the Bridge

Latitude: 28° 35.1’ N

Longitude: 080° 14.9’ W

Wind speed: 9 knots

Wave height: 0-1 ft.

Air temp.: 31.3° C (88° F)

Sky: Few clouds

Science and Technology Log

Before I begin, my friend asked if we have a streaming presence. Although we do not, NOAA supports a website that tells where NOAA Ship Oregon II (and the rest of the fleet) is located at this link: https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/cwn/apps/noaa-shipwatch.html. This week we are completing many stations off the Florida coast and have made it as far north as Cape Canaveral.

On Tuesday we launched our first drifter, from NOAA’s Adopt-a-Drifter (ADP) program. The deployment went off without a hitch. Soon we will be able to view its movements using the following link: https://adp.noaa.gov/trackadrifter/falmouth-high-school/. Oceanographers from NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) in Miami, Florida, set up this dashboard to eventually see all three drifters in the ocean.

drifter folded up on a table. the round buoy is why and blue, with stickers and hand-drawn wave designs. it is attached to a cable and a wrapped up plastic cylinder, currently collapsed and held together with tape

Cheryl, wearing sunglasses and a life vest, stands next to the folded up drifter on a table on deck and smiles for the camera

Cheryl and Josh, wearing life jackets, work together to toss the drifter over the rail of the ship. the ocean i a vivid blue.

Cheryl and Josh stand across from one another, holding the drifter buoy and its folded up drogue with two hands between them, in front of the rail.

drifter just visible at the surface of very blue water

Images: (1) Drifter #1 in wet lab; (2) Cheryl and drifter #1 prior to deployment; (3) Cheryl and Josh (chief bosun) deploying Drifter #1; (4) Cheryl and Josh preparing to launch; (5) Drifter #1 in the Gulf Stream!

Tuesday night at 2030 (military time for 8:30 PM), we began preparing the first longline of the trip! This process looked daunting the first time we did it, but I’m sure we will settle into a groove soon.

A longline is a series of baited hooks stretched out for a long distance (ours stretches for a mile!). The line is weighted down at the beginning, middle, and end and marked by flanking high flyers, or buoys with long poles and a flashing beacon on top of a reflective panel so the ship’s captain can return to retrieve the gear.

We set out 100 gangions clipped to the mile-long longline. The ship steams forward, and the bridge calls out every 1/10 of a mile (10, 20, etc.) to help the bosun pace the number of gangions along the mile-long line. A gangion is a fishing unit consisting of a metal number to keep track of the hook, a clip, a length of monofilament with a circle hook at the end, and a piece of bait (we used mackerel cut into thirds). A circle hook is used because the curve of the hook reduces the chances that a fish or sea turtle will swallow the hook (an event that often mortally wounds the fish because it is very difficult to remove, or it can hold a sea turtle underwater and may drown them ). The bait has to be double-hooked (pierce it twice with the hook) to secure it.

Once the 100th gangion is attached to the monofilament, the bosun secures a weight, the second high-flyer, and a separate floating buoy to mark the end of the longline. Then the timer begins: the longline soaks, or stays in the water, for an hour from the time the second high flyer hits the water to the time we retrieve the first high-flyer. Here is an infographic made by Stephen Kade, former Teacher at Sea from 2018:

an illustration titled Long Line Fishing on the NOAA Ship Oregon II. The ship is depicted at the (completely flat) surface of the ocean. in the foreground, the ocean surface is cutaway to reveal a view of a deployed longline both above and beneath the surface. two buoys with tall fins ("high flyer buoys") are tied to each end of a line that is weighted at the ends and middle to stay on the ocean bottom. short lines extending off the longline in two directions are labeled baited gangions. there are silhouettes of sharks all around. at the top, there are 10 lines of text explaining the steps for deploying and retrieving the long line.

Infographic of longline survey aboard NOAA Ship Oregon II, created by Stephen Kade, NOAA TAS 2018.

We did not land any fish at our first station, but we have a long way to go! The night watch caught two sharks: one silky shark and one dusky shark. I can’t wait to see some on our watch!

I am enjoying being on the ship and meeting new people. I will be interviewing some of them for this blog, so you can see for yourself the diversity of careers needed to support a survey cruise.

Interview with LT Luke Petzy

portrait of a man in a navy blue t-shirt, a blue NOAA Corps baseball cap, and an orange life vest. he stands at a railing on the deck of the ship. the sky and the ocean are bright blue.

LT Luke Petzy of NOAA Corps on NOAA Ship Oregon II.

LT Luke Petzy was one of the first members of NOAA Corps (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps) we met, as he led the “Welcome Aboard” meeting for all new volunteers and crew. From the outset, it was clear that safety is a top priority on this vessel.

The meeting covered essential safety procedures and introduced us to the impressive array of equipment installed to ensure our well-being at sea. Located at the top of the ship is an EPIRB (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon), which is triggered to call for help via satellite if the ship is in distress. In addition, SARTs (Search and Rescue Transponders) emit radar signals to aid in locating the ship during an emergency.

Each person aboard is assigned to a specific life raft and issued an EEBD (emergency escape breathing device) for use in smoke-filled or low-oxygen situations. Hard hats and work vests are mandatory when working on deck. It is reassuring to know that we are in capable and well-practiced hands, as they perform drills at the start of each leg of the survey. Here’s a closer look at LT Petzy’s background and how he came to serve in the NOAA Corps.

How did you become a part of the NOAA Corps?

I grew up in Methuen, MA, and graduated with a degree in Natural Resource Studies and Fisheries Conservation from UMass Amherst. I took a SCUBA course that culminated in a trip to Key Largo, FL, which really hooked my interest in fish and the ocean. After college, I moved to St. John, US Virgin Islands to work at an eco-resort, where I met my wife, Corie. We moved back to MA when I got a job as a fisheries observer out of Woods Hole to go out on different types of fishing boats. It was the coolest job, but also the most dangerous. The job had a very unpredictable schedule and no way to call home for a couple of weeks while I was at sea observing. It was a really great experience but also a tough lifestyle.

In 2015 I moved back to St. John with my wife. I got my captain’s license and taught scuba. In 2019 I got a job in Newburyport, MA, as a tow boat captain.

Later that year, I applied and was accepted to NOAA Corps training. This job has given me the ability to drive boats and be a part of scientific operations and have adventures. I am a NOAA diver and have to dive a certain amount per year to maintain proficiency.

Why is your work important?

My job is to navigate the ship. I also work with the science crew to plan trips to complete the surveys. I like working for an agency that promotes science, scientific integrity, and an environmentally focused mindset. My job supports these efforts. I am responsible for the safety of the crew and safety of the ship, and I take pride in that.

What do you like most about your job?

I like seeing the ocean in a way that many others don’t, in all its moods and forms. I get to see marine mammals and marine life during the surveys. It is a rewarding feeling after we complete a successful mission.

What is the most important piece of technology that you use in your job?

The radar and electronic chart display system are so important to know where we are, and to avoid other vessels. I have to add the depth sounder, too, to avoid shallow water.

What do you think you would be doing if you weren’t working at NOAA?

I would put my captain’s license to use on ecotourism boats or work with schools to bring students out on the water.

Do you have any hobbies?

Scuba, woodworking, and playing guitar. I have my ukulele on this trip to practice.

Personal Log

Life aboard NOAA Ship Oregon II is comfortable and exciting. The scientific crew work twelve-hour shifts, so a lot of time is spent with four other people on my watch. Each person brings different strengths to the group and takes on a variety of roles and responsibilities when we are fishing. I will share more about that in my next blog.

Animals seen:

Flying fish (they don’t actually fly, but the ship’s movement definitely motivates them to scoot along or glide)
Brown booby (a seabird)
Barracuda! The fishermen troll behind the ship when their work is done, and this day they caught a barracuda. They did not keep it because the barracuda sometimes contains ciguatoxin, a toxin that causes ciguatera fish poisoning. We don’t want anyone to be poisoned on this trip!

two men stand near the railing at the aft deck of the ship. the sun is low in the sky, which is dotted with fluffly clouds. one man holds a fishing pole that is curved downward with the weight of his catch.

a man in a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses holds up a roughly 3-foot long barracuda for a photo; the evening sun makes the ocean look almost metallic behind him

L to R: Chief bosun Josh Cooper and skilled fisherman Sean Gronquist reel in the barracuda from the stern of the ship. Josh Cooper shows his barracuda catch to an excited group.

Did You Know?

Many sharks have only a few babies (called pups) at a time. Tiger sharks, however, can have up to a hundred! Their pups are often preyed upon by adult tiger sharks, including their mother!

July 21, 2025July 21, 2025

Cheryl Milliken: Setting Sail in the Gulf, July 21, 2025

Cheryl Milliken

Aboard NOAA Ship Oregon II

July 25 – Aug 10, 2025

Mission: Bottom Longline Survey, Leg 1

Geographic Area of Cruise: Atlantic Coast of Florida

Date: July 21, 2025

Personal Introduction

Hello from Cape Cod, Massachusetts!
I’m so excited to be preparing for an upcoming experience at sea—a unique opportunity that will deepen my connection to marine science and bring new inspiration to my classroom.

For the past 23 years, I’ve taught high school science at Falmouth High School here in Falmouth, MA. I currently teach Marine Ecology, Marine Engineering and Technology, and Forensic Science. I love sharing my passion for these subjects and helping students make real-world connections through exploration and hands-on learning.

view of a classroom from the back; we see high school students seated at tables, facing away from the camera. at the front of the classroom are four women in matching t-shirts and orange lanyards. They are standing in front of a screen with a slide that contains a photo of a whale — Falmouth High School students in Marine Engineering and Technology learn about protecting North Atlantic right whales by implementing ropeless lobster gear from experts from the Whale and Dolphin Society. (Photo by C. Milliken)

My love for the ocean started early. When I was in second grade, a middle school teacher visited our class to share her seashell collection from around the world. I was mesmerized by the intricate beauty and complexity of those shells, and I’ve been curious about the ocean ever since. Though I grew up on Johnson’s Pond in the middle of Rhode Island—swimming, boating, and fishing on the lake—I didn’t spend much time by the ocean. But summer marine science camps, including two Girl Scout Wider Opportunities (now called Destinations), in Virginia and Michigan, helped solidify a lifelong love for marine science.

Cheryl, at left, wearing a green sash with Girl Scout patches, poses with a man in a suit in front of a flag. — *Girl Scouts from the Water-Is-Fundamental wider opportunity received the President’s Environmental Youth Award in Washington, DC, in 1985.*

I earned my Bachelor of Science in Zoology from the University of Rhode Island and my Master of Science in Zoology from the University of New Hampshire. At UNH, I learned to scuba dive and completed a thesis studying two crab species in the Gulf of Maine. I also worked as a teaching assistant and found a genuine joy in working with students. That experience shaped the path I would eventually take into teaching—and even earned me the Graduate Teaching Assistant Award.

After grad school, I spent a few years in research, including work related to the North Cape oil spill off Rhode Island. That’s actually how I met my husband, Henry, who now works full-time for NOAA Fisheries. We moved to Cape Cod for his job, and I began working as a contractor for NOAA’s Food Web Dynamics Program in Woods Hole. I participated in two habitat cruises to Georges Bank and the Great South Channel, examining fish communities in areas closed to commercial fishing. The biodiversity and fish abundance in closed areas was astounding!

During my NOAA years, we also welcomed two sons into our family, and my priorities shifted. With both of us working in marine science—and sometimes going to sea—I decided to transition into teaching full-time so I could be home with our kids. I took a one-year project mapping herring runs across Massachusetts (an adventure in itself!) and completed an accelerated teacher certification program designed for mid-career professionals.

That leap into education turned out to be the perfect fit.

a group photo 14 people (and two black labs) in a driveway in front of a house. they are all dressed warmly. — *Annual family gathering for Christmas 2024.*

This upcoming expedition feels like a full-circle moment—reconnecting with the marine science field I love and bringing that experience back to my students. I can’t wait to share what I learn with them and continue to inspire the next generation of ocean explorers.

Preparing for My Mission

I’m thrilled to share that I’ll be heading out on a new research adventure! This week, I’ll board the NOAA Ship Oregon II in Pascagoula, Mississippi, to begin Leg 1 of the Bottom Longline (BLL) Survey. Our mission is to assess the abundance and distribution of coastal sharks and reef fish, including red snapper, throughout the Southeast.

This will be my first time sailing in the Gulf—and my first time traveling through the Straits of Florida—so I’m eager to experience these regions and learn more about the diverse marine life they support.

One of the highlights of this mission will be launching a NOAA ocean drifter as part of the Adopt a Drifter program. This initiative is a collaboration between NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) program and the Global Drifter Program, which began in 1979.

The drifter is a sophisticated tool: it consists of a surface buoy, a tether, and a drogue (a long, submerged component that ensures the buoy follows ocean currents rather than just surface winds). The buoy includes a satellite antenna that transmits data such as sea surface temperature, location, and time. These data are crucial for forecasting weather, predicting the movement of oil spills and marine debris, and tracking hurricanes and storms.

*Illustration of NOAA drogue drifter, showing surface float with the capability to send location and data via satellite, and drogue or sea anchor suspended in the water column.*

I’ll be working with scientists and data specialists from NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) in Miami, Florida, to launch the drifter and monitor its path over the next 18 months. As someone who has long been involved with student drifter programs, I’m excited to share this experience with my students. It’s a powerful way to connect them to real-world ocean science and to explore how currents influence ecosystems far beyond our local waters off Cape Cod.

Stay tuned for updates from the field—I can’t wait to share what we discover!